Japan and Uzbekistan signed a “customs mutual support agreement” to prevent smuggling and more efficiently carry out customs procedures, Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs said in a Dec. 19 press release, according to an unofficial translation. The agreement aims to reduce smuggling of illegal drugs and improve “trade facilitation measures” by simplifying customs procedures, it said. The agreement calls for more information sharing, which will ensure “proper application” of customs laws and customs investigations.
China released another round of tariff exemptions for certain U.S. imports, according to an unofficial translation of a Dec. 19 notice from China’s State Council Customs Tariff Commission. The waivers will be granted from Dec. 26, 2019, through Dec. 25, 2020, and will include six chemical and oil products, including certain lubricating oils; “adhesive” items; wax; polyethylene; a linear low-density polyethylene; and polypropylene, China said. Tariffs already levied on these imports will not be refunded, according to a Dec. 19 report from Xinhua, China’s state-run news agency. China previously announced tariff exemptions for 16 U.S. goods (see 1909110051), later adding pork and soybeans (see 1909130013). Xinhua said the commission is continuing to “work on the exemption process” and will release “the exemption lists of U.S. goods subject to the second round of additional tariffs in due course.”
The U.S. extended sanctions related to global human rights abuses for one year, according to a Dec. 18 notice issued by the White House. Human rights violations “continue to pose an unusual and extraordinary threat” to the U.S. national and economic security, the notice said. The notice extends sanctions outlined in a 2017 executive order that provides authority for actions under the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act.
The European Union’s Dec. 13 decision to renew Russian sanctions for six months (see 1912160009) will target Russia’s financial, energy and defense sectors and focus on the area of dual-use goods, according to a Dec. 19 press release from the European Council. Specifically, the sanctions are aimed at limiting access to EU primary and secondary capital markets for five “major” Russian state-owned financial institutions and their subsidiaries, as well as three Russian energy and three defense companies. The sanctions also impose an import and export ban on arms trade, establish an export ban for dual-use goods for military use or military end-users in Russia, and aim to curtail Russian access to “sensitive technologies and services” used for oil production and exploration, the press release said.
The Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control sanctioned two Iranian judges who have “punished” citizens for exercising freedoms of expression and assembly, Treasury said in a Dec. 19 press release. The sanctions target Abolghassem Salavati, who presides over Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, and Mohammad Moghisseh, who presides over Branch 28.
The Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control designated a Guatemalan mayor, four Guatemalan nationals, five Guatemalan businesses and a drug trafficking organization as significant narcotics traffickers, Treasury said in a Dec. 19 press release. OFAC sanctioned Erik Salvador Suñiga Rodriguez, the Suñiga Rodriguez drug trafficking organization and various associates and family members of Rodriguez, including Wildin Tulio Jui Escobar, Juan Carlos Cruz Ovalle, Jose Juan Suñiga Rodriguez and Alex Oswaldo Parada Rodriguez. The sanctioned entities include Multiservicios y Finca El Encanto (an agricultural company), Rancho La Dorada (an agricultural company), Cevicheria La Concha (a restaurant), Star Market Melanye (a grocery store) and JC Car Audio (a car audio store), Treasury said. Treasury also released a chart related to the sanctions.
The U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement passed in the House of Representatives with a vote of 385-41, with all but two Republicans and 193 Democrats voting yes. This was the biggest vote for a free trade deal in the House since the Canada Free Trade agreement in 1988, and many of the top Democrats in the House say it will serve as a template for future trade deals. It was a far more resounding “yes” than the original NAFTA vote of 234-200, when just 102 Democrats voted yes.
The U.S. sanctions bill against Russia’s Nord Stream 2 pipeline may not have the chilling effect that lawmakers expect, trade experts said. The U.S. should introduce export controls to bolster the sanctions, the experts said, but those restrictions may be too late because the Russia-Germany pipeline is nearing completion. The bill also may disproportionately sanction German businesses involved in the project instead of the real target, they said, which is Russia.
The World Trade Organization may have its first answer to what happens when a party appeals and there's no appellate body to resolve the dispute. The U.S., which killed the appellate body by not agreeing to appoint any replacements, is appealing a compliance report for a case in which India won the argument that the U.S. antidumping and countervailing case against Indian steel didn't fully follow trade law (see 14081205 and 1706090021).
World Trade Organization members should take several steps to resolve the WTO’s dispute settlement system “crisis” (see 1912090031), including better enforcement of the 90-day time frame for appeals and prohibitions on advisory opinions, according to a report by Bruce Hirsch of Tailwind Global Strategies and commissioned by the National Foreign Trade Council that was released Dec. 17. WTO members should also consider issuing guidance on Articles 3.2 and 19.2 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding to clarify that it “does not justify expanding or narrowing the reach of WTO provisions or filling gaps.” In addition, “customary rules of interpretation of public international law” should “not justify gap-filling and expanding or narrowing the reach of WTO provisions,” the report said, and members should better address disagreements surrounding the appellate body’s findings on antidumping issues. Lastly, members should direct the body to “reject party arguments that expand or narrow the reach of agreement provisions or fill gaps in agreements.”